Definition of Taxonomy, Systemetics and Classification. (Basics of Animal Classification)

Taxonomy, Systemetics and Classification :

    When we start to study about the Animal Classification, we have to gain knowledge about the basics of Animal Kingdom and it's Classification. To classified the animal kingdom we must have to know about those bilogical terms - Taxonomy, Systeemetics and Classification.



TAXONOMY :

    Gr. : Taxis - Arrangment ; Nomous - Law.

What is Taxonomy :

     Taxonomy is a branch of science that deals with Characterisation, Identification, Nomenclature and Classification of living organism.

    OR, Branch of biology, that deals with study of Principles and Procedures of Classification.


  • Term Taxonomy is given by : A. P. de Candolle
  • Father of Taxonomy :  Carolus Liniaeus
  • Father of Indian Taxonomy : Henry Santapau
  • Scientist dealing with Taxonomy, are known as : Taxonomist 

SYSTEMETICS :

 What is Systemetics :

    Systemetics is the branch of biology that deals with thw Diversity of Organisms and their comparative and evolutitonary relationships based on comparative anatomy, comparative biochemistry, comparative ohysiology and comparetive ecology.


CLASSIFICATION :

What is Classification :

    Biological Classification is the process by which scientists can classified group living organisms bassed on how similar they are. Historycally, similarity was detarmined by examining the physical characteristics of an organism, but modern classification uses a variety of techniques including genetic analysis.

  • Organisms are classified according to a system of seven ranks :
  1. Kingdom,
  2. Phylum,
  3. Class,
  4. Order,
  5. Family,
  6. Genus,
  7. Species.
  • For example, the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)  would be in Classified in the following ways :
  1. Kingdom :  Animalia,
  2. Phylum :  Arthropoda,
  3. Class : Insecta,
  4. Order : Hymenoptera,
  5. Family : Apidae,
  6. Genus : Apis
  7. Species : mellifera

Also read : Human Respiratory  System 

TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY :

What is Taxonomic Hierarchy :

    Taxonomical Hierarchy is a serirs of different classification ranks or catagories arranged in desending order.

  • First proposed by - Carolous Linnaeus

According to him, there are five obligated catagories : 

  1. Class,
  2. Order,
  3. Genous,
  4. Species,
  5. Variety.     
Now a days, 7 Obligate Catagories and 21 Intermediate Catagories (Starts with Super and Sub)


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  • Which of these is the most advanced phylogenetically among the dicotyledonous families? - Compositae
  • The substitute for the newly collected specimen when the original type material is missing in a herbarium is entitled as - Neotype
  •  If all the puddles and ponds are destroyed, the entities likely to be destroyed are - Plasmodium
  • In the five-kingdom system of classification, into which kingdom would you classify nitrogen-fixing organisms and archaea? - Monera
  • This is considered as a demerit of the ‘Engler and Prantl’ in the system of classification - Dicotyledons are placed after monocotyledons
  • Phenetic classification is based on - Observable characteristics of existing entities
  • Difference between the natural system of plant classification and artificial system of classification is - Considers all the similarities between plants
  • This system of classification was used by Linnaeus - Artificial system
  • Pick the right sequence of taxonomic categories - division-class-order-family-tribe-genus-species
  • ‘New Systematics’ term was coined by - Juliane Huxley

    • F.A.Q. Section :

    How does taxonomy differ from systematics and classification?

    The main difference between taxonomy and systematics is that taxonomy is involved in the classification and naming of organisms whereas systematics is involved in the determination of evolutionary relationships of organisms.

    Why is taxonomy important methods of classification?

    Why is taxonomy so important? Well, it helps us categorize organisms so we can more easily communicate biological information. Taxonomy uses hierarchical classification as a way to help scientists understand and organize the diversity of life on our planet

    How taxonomy and systematics are related?

    Systematics may be defined as the study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and the relationships among them. Taxonomy, on the other hand, is the theory and practice of identifying, describing, naming, and classifying organisms.

    Why do we need to study systematics?

    Importance of Systematics Systematics plays a central role in biology by providing the means for characterizing the organisms that we study. Through the production of classifications that reflect evolutionary relationships it also allows predictions and testable hypotheses.

    What is the highest taxonomic rank?

    Taxonomic hierarchy refers to the sequence of categories in increasing or decreasing order. Kingdom is the highest rank and species is the lowest rank in the hierarchy.

     

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